As Ukraine enters its fourth winter of full-scale war, Russia has unleashed an annihilation campaign against its energy infrastructure. Massive, coordinated strikes, including a barrage of 705 missiles and drones on October 30, 2025 , signal a new and dangerous phase of this protracted energy war. The humanitarian consequences have prompted the United Nations to issue stern warnings, but will Russia heed them? Matthias Schmale, the UN's humanitarian coordinator in Ukraine, ha

Russia abandoned the final restrictions it was under under the now obsolete   INF Treaty in  August 2025. This decision shortened warning times and broadened the range of hybrid threats aimed at Europe, including ground-launched missiles, long-range drones, cyber operations and sabotage against the networks and nodes that keep the continent running. The greatest risk lies with critical infrastructure, where even limited disruption can have a knock-on effect across borders. Th

In the face of Russia's full-scale invasion of Ukraine, the European Union has embarked on a historic enlargement process, extending candidate status to Kyiv in a powerful display of geopolitical solidarity. This move is more than a strategic response; it is a reaffirmation of the EU's identity as a value-based union built on democracy and the rule of law. However, this strategic imperative has been consistently undermined from within by Hungary, which has weaponised its veto

Seeking to demonstrate its military strength, NATO conducted a series of large-scale military exercises across Northern Europe, sending a clear,   unambiguous message of deterrence  to an increasingly aggressive Russia. This show of force, the largest since the Cold War, is not just routine training. Still, a manifestation of a new strategic reality in which the Far North has become the centre of geopolitical competition, and the line between peace and potential conflict is b

The Unanswered Question Over European Skies The skies above NATO member states no longer appear entirely peaceful. After Russia...

What did the meeting between Trump and Putin in Alaska really give us? Long-awaited peace or more empty promises? The way the US military...

On April 22, 2023, a woman on a horse ride in a forest near the Polish city of Bydgoszcz was stunned to find the wrecked remains of an...

As we enter 2025, the world faces an urgent question: can we keep global warming below the critical 1.5°C threshold? The United Nations...

Written by Viktoriia Rafalovych , Maximilian Wolf , Sophie Rieckmann , Andrei I. Cursaru Edited by Andrei I. Cursaru Introduction In June...

The complex relationship between environment and warfare It is well-recognised that the environment needs to be protected in peacetime,...

Renewable energy as a catalyst for environmental protection in conflict zones Renewable energy can play a transformative role in conflict...

Access to reliable energy is a cornerstone of modern society, enabling economic growth, education, healthcare, and overall human...

Introduction Since the Russian invasion of Ukraine on 24th February 2022, the conflict has rarely left Western media headlines. Both...

On October 20th, 2024, Moldova faced one of its most pivotal moments since gaining independence in 1991. The upcoming elections hold more...

Russian President Vladimir Putin with former Moldovan President Igor Dodon. Source: The Russian Presidential Press and Information Office...

Introduction In a significant political shuffle last weekend, Russian President Vladimir Putin replaced Defense Minister Sergei Shoigu...

LGBT-Demonstration against the war in Ukraine and Russia in Saint-Petersburg . Photo by InkBoB. Licensed under Creative Commons CC BY-SA...

Ukrainian civilians are evacuated from Volnovakha in the Donetsk region . Photo by Міністерство внутрішніх справ України. Licensed under...

Diplomacy has failed, what is next? A week that started with hopes of a summit in the near future between U.S. President Joe Biden and...

How Viable? Maritime Security Cooperation between the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation and the Association of Southeast Asian Nations...