Seeking to demonstrate its military strength, NATO conducted a series of large-scale military exercises across Northern Europe, sending a clear, unambiguous message of deterrence to an increasingly aggressive Russia. This show of force, the largest since the Cold War, is not just routine training. Still, a manifestation of a new strategic reality in which the Far North has become the centre of geopolitical competition, and the line between peace and potential conflict is b
The North Africa Programme leads CYIS' analysis of security, political, and socio-economic trends in the North African Maghreb, defined here as Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, and Libya.
The Sub-Saharan Africa Programme provides analysis on political, economic, and security dynamics in Sub-Saharan Africa, highlighting important new trends and rising stakes for U.S. engagement.