As Ukraine enters its fourth winter of full-scale war, Russia has unleashed an annihilation campaign against its energy infrastructure. Massive, coordinated strikes, including a barrage of 705 missiles and drones on October 30, 2025 , signal a new and dangerous phase of this protracted energy war. The humanitarian consequences have prompted the United Nations to issue stern warnings, but will Russia heed them? Matthias Schmale, the UN's humanitarian coordinator in Ukraine, ha

Russia abandoned the final restrictions it was under under the now obsolete   INF Treaty in  August 2025. This decision shortened warning times and broadened the range of hybrid threats aimed at Europe, including ground-launched missiles, long-range drones, cyber operations and sabotage against the networks and nodes that keep the continent running. The greatest risk lies with critical infrastructure, where even limited disruption can have a knock-on effect across borders. Th

In addition to the ongoing support of its Western partners, Ukraine continues its daily resistance to Russian forces through the mobilisation of civil society, the public sector and volunteer initiatives. Despite the enormous challenges posed by the enemy's numerical superiority and turbulent political processes in the West, Ukraine is not only defending its sovereignty but also changing the very paradigms of modern warfare. Ukraine's resilience is not solely due to Western t

Seeking to demonstrate its military strength, NATO conducted a series of large-scale military exercises across Northern Europe, sending a clear,   unambiguous message of deterrence  to an increasingly aggressive Russia. This show of force, the largest since the Cold War, is not just routine training. Still, a manifestation of a new strategic reality in which the Far North has become the centre of geopolitical competition, and the line between peace and potential conflict is b

The Unanswered Question Over European Skies The skies above NATO member states no longer appear entirely peaceful. After Russia...

In her 2025 State of the Union address, Ursula von der Leyen declared that Europe is “in a fight” and must treat security, technology and...

The dynamics of global trade underwent significant changes from 2000 to 2024. The EU used to be the clear leader, but China eventually...

Executive Summary: Short conclusion: Europe is not on an inevitable path to a full-scale interstate war, but its political-military...

What did the meeting between Trump and Putin in Alaska really give us? Long-awaited peace or more empty promises? The way the US military...

Russia’s full-scale invasion of Ukraine has exposed Europe’s capability gaps and fragile supply chains, as well as the costs of...

What if a silent war had already begun… and you didn’t even notice? Across Europe, a new kind of war is unfolding—one that does not...

The long-feared open exchange of hostilities between long-time regional rivals, Iran and Israel, ended almost as abruptly as it began –...

Introduction An often-overlooked region of the world, the Arctic has risen in visibility and global significance, extending beyond the...

A New Era of European (In)security With its hybrid warfare tactics — both kinetic, like missile debris landing from Ukraine into Poland,...

A New Frontier in Conflict Artificial intelligence already diagnoses cancers, trades stocks, and writes poetry, but its most...

The US was viewed  as a state with striking economic growth and geopolitical ambition for a long time. Yet, it was reluctant to confront...

On April 22, 2023, a woman on a horse ride in a forest near the Polish city of Bydgoszcz was stunned to find the wrecked remains of an...

Written by Viktoriia Rafalovych , Maximilian Wolf , Sophie Rieckmann , Andrei I. Cursaru Edited by Andrei I. Cursaru Introduction In June...

Introduction Since the Russian invasion of Ukraine on 24th February 2022, the conflict has rarely left Western media headlines. Both...

Five years ago, on 9 December 2015, the resolution S/RES/2250 on Youth, Peace and Security was adopted by the United Nations Security...